One of the classic scientific debates, on a par with “nature vs. nurture,” albeit far more obscure, is the question of what caused the great megafaunal extinction at the end of the Pleistocene.
Pretty much everywhere you look, you find evidence of big critters roaming the earth – mastodons, mammoths, big camels, and my favorite, beavers the size of black bears. And then they “blink out,” to borrow a lovely phrase I heard a biologist use recently. In a very short period of time in geologic terms, they’re gone.
Two dominant explanations are offered. The extinction coincides with the end of the Pleistocene, the emergence from the last ice age 10,000 years ago. That’s big-time climate change. Could that have killed them off? But there’s a second earth-changing event that happens around that same time – the explosion of us. Could we have killed them?
There’s a new review paper(sub. req.) in Friday’s Science by Barnosky et al. that offers a classically equivocal answer – it’s both! And more research is needed!
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